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Intelligent module design
36 PowerMax® solar cells form the heart of the module. These cells make optimum use of the module surface area. Thanks to their square shape, they are highly efficient and still provide the maximum power possible even under low light level conditions. The specially hardened front glass has excellent light transmitting properties and protects the module against most adverse environmental conditions such as hail or ice. The solar cells are laminated in EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) between a multilayer rear film and the front glass. This permanently laminated assembly protects the cells against moisture and ensures electrical insulation. A torsion-resistant module frame made of anodized aluminum guarantees particularly high mechanical strength.

The SM55 and SM50 datasheets are also available in the Adobe Acrobat (.PDF) format.

SM55/SM50

Electrical Parameters 1

Maximum power rating

Minimum power rating

Rated current

Rated voltage

Short circuit current

Open circuit voltage

Pmax

Pmin

Imp

Vmp

Isc

Voc

Thermal Parameters

Nominal operating cell temperature2

Change of Isc with temperature,

Change of Voc with temperature,

Qualification Test Parameters3

Temperature cycling range

Humidity, freeze, damp heat condition

Maximum system voltage

Wind loading or surface pressure

Maximum distortion4

Hailstone impact withstand
(diameter @ velocity)

Physical Parameters

Number of series cells

Length

Width

Depth

Weight

Warranty5

Power >= 90% of minimum power

Power >= 80% of minimum power

 

[Watts]

[Watts]

[Amps]

[Volts]

[Amps]

[Volts]

 

[°C]

 

 

 

[°C]

[% RH]

[Volts]

[N/m²] (PSF)

[degrees]

[mm @ m/s]
(in @ MPH)

 

 

[mm] (in)

[mm] (in)

[mm] (in)

[kg] (lbs)

 

[Years]

[Years]

SM55

12V

55

50

3.15

17.4

3.45

21.7

SM50

12V

50

45

3.05

16.6

3.4

21.4

 

45

+1.2mA/°C (+0.04%/°K)

-0.077 Volts/°C (-0.34%/°K)

 

-40 to +85

85

1000 per ISPRA (EC),
600 per UL 1703

2400 (50)

1.2

25 @ 23
(1.0 @ 52)

 

36

1293 (50.9)

329 (13.0)

34 (1.3)

5.5 (12.0)

 

10

25

1

Determined under standard test conditions (STC): Irradiance = 1000w/m² cell temperature = 25 °C; solar spectral irradiance per ASTM E892 (Air Mass = 1.5).

2

Determined under nominal operating conditions (NOC): Irradiance = 800 w/m² ambient temperature = 20 °C; wind speed = 1m/s.

3

Qualification Tests performed as per CEC 503 Test Specification, to ensure durability and performance in outdoor conditions.

4

Diagonal lifting of module corner with three corners fixed.

5

To original consumer purchaser. See full Limited Warranty for all conditions.

 

 Siemens Solar panels

Solar panel
From solar panel, the free solar panels
• Ten things you may not know about solar panel •Jump to: navigation, search

A photovoltaic (PV) module that is composed of multiple PV cells. Two or more interconnected PV modules create an array.conservs the energy of THE LIGHT . Electrons from these excited atoms form an electric current, which can be used by external devices. Solar panels were in use over one hundred years ago for water heating in homes. Solar panels can also be made with a specially shaped mirror that concentrates light onto a tube of oil. The oil then heats up, and travels through a vat of water, instantly boiling it. The steam created turns a turbine for power.[1]

Contents [hide]
1 History 
2 How Solar Panels Work 
3 See also 
4 References 



solar panels History
The history of solar panels dates back to 1839, when French physicist Antoine César Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect during an experiment involving an electrolytic cell that was made up of two metal electrodes placed in an electrolyte solution. Becquerel discovered that when his device was exposed to light the amount of electricity generated increased.[2]

Then in 1883, the first genuine solar cell was built by Charles Fritts. Fritts' solar cell was formed by coating sheets of selenium with a thin layer of gold.[3]

Between 1883 and 1941 many scientists, inventors and companies experimented with solar energy. During these years Clarence Kemp, a Baltimore inventor patented the first commercial water heater powered from solar energy. In addition, Albert Einstein published his thesis on the photoelectric effect and a few years later received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research. William Bailey, an employee of the Carnegie Steel Company, invented the first solar collector with copper coils contained in an insulated box.[2]

In 1941, Russell Ohl, an American inventor who worked for Bell Laboratories, patented the first silicon solar cell. Ohl’s new invention led Bell Laboratories to produce the first crystalline silicon solar panel in 1954. This solar cell achieved a 4% return on energy conversion. In the years that followed, other scientists continued to improve on this original solar cell and began to produce solar cells with 6% efficiency.[4]

The first large scale use for solar electrical energy was space satellites. With government backing much of the research the US was able to produce a solar cell with twenty percent efficiency by 1980 and by early 2000 had produced solar cells with 24% efficiency. As of November 2007 two companies, Spectrolab and Emcore Photovoltaics dominate world solar cell production and have the ability to produce cells with 28% efficiency.[4]


solar panels How Solar Panels Work
The basic element of solar panels is pure silicon. When stripped of impurities, silicon makes an ideal neutral platform for transmission of electrons. In silicon’s natural state, it carries four electrons, but has room for eight. Therefore silicon has room for four more electrons. If a silicon atom comes in contact with another silicon atom, each receives the other atom's four electrons. Eight electrons satisfy the atoms' needs, this creates a strong bond, but there is no positive or negative charge. This material is used on the plates of solar panels. Combining silicon with other elements that have a positive or negative charge can also create solar panels.[5]

For example, phosphorus has five electrons to offer to other atoms. If silicon and phosphorus are combined chemically, the results are a stable eight electrons with an additional free electron. The silicon does not need the free electron, but it can not leave because it is bonded to the other phosphorous atom. Therefore, this silicon and phosphorus plate is considered to be negatively charged.[5]

A positive charge must also be created in order for electricity to flow. Combining silicon with an element such as boron, which only has three electrons to offer, creates a positive charge. A silicon and boron plate still has one spot available for another electron. Therefore, the plate has a positive charge. The two plates are sandwiched together to make solar panels, with conductive wires running between them.[5]

Photons bombard the silicon/phosphorus atoms when the negative plates of solar cells are pointed at the sun. Eventually, the 9th electron is knocked off the outer ring. Since the positive silicon/boron plate draws it into the open spot on its own outer band, this electron doesn't remain free for long. As the sun's photons break off more electrons, electricity is then generated. When all of the conductive wires draw the free electrons away from the plates, there is enough electricity to power low amperage motors or other electronics, although the electricity generated by one solar cell is not very impressive by itself. When electrons are not used or lost to the air they are returned to the negative plate and the entire process begins again.[5]


solar panels See also
Battery (electricity) 
Energy economics 
Photovoltaic array 
Photovoltaics in transport 
Renewable energy 
Solar power satellite 
Solar lamp 

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